1. Tsze-chang said, "What is meant when the SHOO says that Kaou-tsung, while observing the usual imperial mourning, was for three years without speaking?"

2. The Master said, "Why must Kaou-tsung be referred to as an example of this? The ancients all did so. When the sovereign died, the officers all attended to their several duties, taking instructions from the prime minister for three years."

42. THE JUDGEMENT OF A RETIRED WORTHY ON CONFUCIUS' COURSE, AND REMARK OF CONFUCIUS THEREON. 1. The k'ing was one of the eight musical instruments of the Chinese; see Medhuirst's dict., in voc. 过, up. 1st tone, 'to go by'. Meaning 'to go beyond', 'to exceed', it is in the 3d tone. 有心哉击磬乎 is to be read as one sentence, and understood as if there were a 之after the 哉. 2. 硜硜乎, —see XIII. 24, 3. The 备旨 interprets this clause also, as if a 之were after the 哉, and 硜硜had reference to the sounds of the k'ing. 深则云云,—see She-king I. iii. 9. st. 1. The quotation was intended to illustrate that we must act according to circumstances. 3. 末=无之seems to be a mere expletive.

43. HOW GOVERNMENT WAS CARRIED ON DURING THE THREE YEARS OF SILENT MOURNING BY THE EMPEROR. 1. 书云, —see the Shoo-king, IV. viii. Sect I. 1, but the passage there is not exactly as in the text. It is there said that Kaoutsung, after the three years' mourning, still did not speak. 高宗 was the honorary epithet of the emperor Woo-ting(武丁), B.C. 1323-1263. 谅(Shoo, 亮) 阴(read gan), acc. to the dict., means 'the shed where the mourner lived the three years'. Choo He says he does not know the meaning of the terms.—Tsze-chang was perplexed to know how government could be carried on during so long a period of silence. 2. 古之人,—the 人embraces the emperors, and subordinate princes who had their own petty courts. 总已,—in the 备旨 it is said,—总. 摄也, 不敢放纵意也. '总 is to manage. The meaning is, that they did not dare to allow themselves any license.' The expression is not an easy one. I have followed the paraphrasts.