To Chow belonged the eight officers, Pih-ta?, Pihkwǒh, Chung-t?h, Chung-hw?h, Shuh-yay, Shuh-hea, Ke-suy, and Ke-kwa.

10. INSTRUCTIONS OF CHOW-KUNG TO HIS SON ABOUT GOVERNMENT; A GENEROUS CONSIDERATION OF OTHERS TO BE CHERISHED. 周公,—see VI. 5. The facts of the case seem to be that the duke of Chow was himself appointed to the principality of Loo, but being detained at court by his duties to the young emperor 成, he sent his son 伯禽, here called 'the duke of Loo', to that state as his representative. 君子 contains here the ideas both of rank and virtue. 施 is read in the up. 2d tone, with the same meaning as 弛. Choo He, indeed, seems to think that 弛 should be in the text, but we have 施 in Ho An, who gives K'ung Gan-kwo?'s interpretation:—施易也, 不以他人之亲易己之亲, '施 is to change. He does not substitute the relatives of other men in the room of his own relative.' 以,—here=用, 'to use', 'to employ'. 求备,—see XIII. 25.

11. THE FRUITFULNESS OF THE EARLY TIME OF THE CHOW DYNASTY IN ABLE OFFICERS. The eight individuals mentioned here are said to have been brothers, four pairs of twins by the same mother. This is intimated in their names, the two first being 伯, or primi, the next pair 仲, or secundi, the third 叔, or tertü, and the last two 季. One mother, bearing twins four times in succession, and all proving distinguished men, showed the vigour of the early days of the dynasty in all that was good.—It is disputed to what reign these brothers belonged, nor is their surname ascertained. 达, 适, 突, 云云, seem to be honorary designations.