1. Some one asked about Tsze-ch'an. The Master said, "He was a kind man."

2. He asked about Tsze-se. The Master said, "That man! That man!"

3. He asked about Kwan Chung. "For him," said the Master, "the city of P'een, with three hundred families, was taken from the chief of the Pih family, who did not utter a murmuring word, though, till he was toothless, he had only coarse rice to eat."

8. A LESSON FOR PARENTS AND MINISTERS, THAT THEY MUST BE STRICT AND DECIDED. 劳, being ‖ with 诲, is a verb, and conveys the meaning in the translation, diff. from the meaning of the term in XIII. 5. K'ung Gan-kwǒ takes it in the sense of 'to soothe', 'comfort', low. 3d tone, but that does not suit the parallelism.

9. THE EXCELLENCE OF THE OFFICIAL NOTIFICATIONS OF CH'ING, OWING TO THE ABILITY OF FOUR OF ITS OFFICERS. The state of Ch'ing, small and surrounded by powerful neighbours, was yet fortunate in having able ministers, through whose mode of conducting its government it enjoyed considerable prosperity. 命, with ref. to this passage, is explained in the dict. by 政令盟会之辞, 'the language of government orders, covenants, and conferences'. See the Chow Le, XXV. p. 11. Tsze-ch'an (see V. 15,) was the chief minister of the State, and in preparing such documents first used the services of P'e Shin, who was noted for his wise planning of matters. 'Sheshuh' shows the relation of the officer indicated to the ruling family. His name was Yew-keih(游吉). The province of the行人was—主国使之礼, 'to superintend the ceremonies of communication with other states'. See the Chow Le, XXXIV. p. 13.

10. THE JUDGMENT OF CONFUCIUS CONCERNING TSZE-CH'AN, TSZE-SE, AND KWAN CHUNG. 1. See V. 15. 2. Tsze-se was the chief minister of Tsoo. He had refused to accept the nomination to the sovereignty of the state in preference to the rightful heir, but did not oppose the usurping tendencies of the rulers of Tsoo. He had moreover opposed the wish of king Ch'aou to employ the sage. 3.Kwan Chung,—see III. 22. To reward his merits, the duke Hwan conferred on him the domain of the officer mentioned in the text, who had been guilty of some offence. His submitting, as he did, to his charged fortunes was the best tribute to Kwan's excellence.