The Master said, "Was not Tsang Wa?n like one who had stolen his situation? He knew the virtue and the talents of Hwuy of Lew-hea,

10. CERTAIN RULES, EXEMPLIFIED IN THE ANCIENT DYNASTIES, TO BE FOLLOWED IN GOVERNING:—A REPLY TO YEN YUEN. 1. The disciple modestly put his question with reference to the government of a state(邦), but the Master answers it according to the disciple's ability, as if it had been about the ruling of the empire(治天下). 2. The three great ancient dynasties began the year at different times. According to an ancient tradition, 'Heaven was opened at the time子; Earth appeared at the time 丑; and Man was born at the time 寅.' 子 commences in our December, at the winter solstice; 丑 a month later; and 寅 a month after 丑. The Chow dynasty began its year with子; the Shang with 丑; and the Hea with寅. As human life then commenced, the year, in reference to human labours, naturally proceeds from the spring, and Conf. approved the rule of the Hea dynasty. His decision has been the law of all dynasties since the Ts'in. See the 'Discours Preliminaire, Chap. I', in Gaubil's Shoo King. 3. The state carriage of the Yin dynasty was plain and substantial, which Conf. preferred to the more ornamented ones of Chow. 4. Yet he does not object to the more elegant cap of that dynasty, 'the cap', says Choo He, 'being a small thing, and placed over all the body'. 5. The shaou was the music of Shun; see III. 25. 舞,—the 'daners', or 'pantomimes', who kept time to the music. See the Shoo-king II. ii. 21. 6. 郑声, 'the sounds of Ch'ing', meaning both the songs of Ch'ing, and the appropriate music to which they were sung. Those songs from the 7th book of the 1st division of the She-king, and are here characterized justly.

11. THE NECESSITY OF FORETHOUGHT AND PRECAUTION.

12. THE RARITY OF A TRUE LOVE OF VIRTUE.已矣乎,—see V. 26; the rest is a repetition of IX. 17, said to have been spoken by Conf. when he was in Wei, and saw the duke riding out openly in the same carriage with Nan-tsze.

13. AGAINST JEALOUSY OF OTHERS' TALENTS;—THE CASE OF TSANG WAN, AND HWUY OF LEW-HEA. Tsang Wa?n-chung,—See V. 17. 窃位 is explained—如盗得而阴据之, 'as if he had got it by theft, and secretly held possession of it'. Tsang Wa?n would not recommend Hwuy, because he was an abler and better man than himself. Hwuy is a famous name in China. He was an officer of Loo, so styled after death, whose name was 展获, and designation 禽. He derived his revenue from a town called Lewhea, though some say that it was a lew or willow tree, overhanging his house, which made him to be known as Lew-hea Hwuy—'Hwuy that lived under the willow tree.' See Mencius, II. i. 9.

and yet did not procure that he should stand with him in court."