The Master said, "By extensively studying all learning, and keeping himself under the restraint of the rules of propriety, one may thus likewise not err from what is right."

12. WITH WHAT EASE TSZE-LOO COULD SETTLE LITIGATIONS. 1. We translate here—'could' and not—'can', because Conf. is not referring to facts, but simply praising the disciple's character.片言=半言, 'half a word'. 2. This par. is a note by the compilers, stating a fact about Tsze-loo, to illustrate what the Master said of him. 宿is explained by Choo He by 留, 'to leave', 'to let remain'. Its prim. mean. is—'to pass a night'. We have in English, as given in the transl., a corresponding idiom.—In Ho An, 片言 is taken as=偏言, 'one-sided words', mean. that Tsze-loo could judge rightly on hearing half a case. 宿 again is explaining by 豫, 'beforehand'—'Tsze-loo made no promises beforehand'.

13. TO PREVENT BETTER THAN TO DETERMINE LITIGATIONS. See 大学传, IV. 讼, as oppos. to狱(prec. ch.) is used of civil causes (争财曰讼), and the other of criminal (争罪曰狱). Little stress is to be laid on the 'I'. 吾犹人 simply= 'One man is as good as another'. Much stress is to be laid on 使, as= 'to influence to'.

14. THE ART OF GOVERNING. 居, as oppos. to 行, must be an active verb, and is explained by Choo He as in the translation. 之refers to 政, or, rather, that aspect of government about which Tsze-chang was inquiring. 无倦=始终如一, 'first and last the same'; 以忠=表里如一, 'externally and internally the same'.

15. HARDLY DIFFERENT FROM VI. 15.