1. Tsze-kung said, "Has the superior man his hatreds also?" The Master said, "He has his hatreds. He hates those who proclaim the evil of others. He hates the man who, being in a low station, slanders his superiors.

22. THE HOPELESS CASE OF GLUTTONY AND IDLENESS. 难以哉.—XV.16. 博 and 弈 are two things. To the former I am unable to give a name; but see some account of it quoted in the 集证 in loc. 弈 is 'to play at chess', of which there are two kinds,—the 围棋, played with 361 pieces and referred to the emperor Yaou as its inventor, and the 象棋, or ivory chess, played with 32 pieces, and having a great analogy to the European game. Its invention is attributed to the first emperor of the Chow dynasty, though some date its origin a few hundred years later. 为之,—之 refers to博弈.贤, for 胜, as in XI. 15, 1.

23. VALOUR TO BE VALUED ONLY IN SUBOR DINATION TO RIGHTEOUSNESS; ITS CONSEQUENCES APART FORM THAT. The first two 君子 are to be understood of the man superior in virtue. The third brings in the idea of rank, with 小人as its correlate.

24. CHARACTERS DISLIKED BY CONFUCIUS AND TSZE-KUNG. 1. Tsze-kung is understood to have intended Confucius himself by 'the superior man'. 流 is here in the sense of 'class'. 下流=下位之人, 'men of low station'. In 君子亦有恶乎, the force of 亦is to oppose 恶 to 爱, 'hatreds', to 'loves'. 2. Hing Ping takes 子贡 as the nominative to 曰, —'He went on to say, I, Tsze, also', &c. The modern comm., however, more correctly, understand 子, 'the Master', as nom. to 曰, and supply another 曰 before 徼.

He hates those who have valour merely, and are unobservant of propriety. He hates those who are forward and determined, and, at the same time, of contracted understanding."

2. The Master then inquired, "Tsze, have you also your hatreds?" Tsze-kung replied, "I hate those who pry out matters, and ascribe the knowledge to their wisdom. I hate those who are only not modest, and think that they are valorous. I hate those who make known secrets, and think that they are straightforward."