Yuan Jang was squatting on his heels, and so waited the approach of the Master, who said to him,

44. HOW A LOVE OF THE RULES OF PROPRIETY IN RULERS FACILITATES GOVERNMENT.

45. REVERENT SELF-CULTIVATION THE DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE KEUN-TSZE. 以敬, it is said, are not to be taken as the wherewith of the Keun-tsze in his cultivating himself, but as the chief thing which he keeps before him in the process. I translate 以, therefore, by in, but in the other sentences, it indicates the realizations, or consequences, of the 修己. 百姓,—'the hundred surnames', as a designation for the mass of the people, occurs as early as in the Yaou teen (尧典). It is=百家姓, 'the surnames of the hundred families, into which number the families of the people were perhaps divided at a very early time. The surnames of the Chinese now amount to several hundreds. The small work—百家姓帖, made in the Sung dynasty, contains nearly 450. In the 集证, in loc., we find a ridiculous reason given for the surnames being a hundred, to the effect that the ancient sages gave a surname for each of the 5 notes of the scale in music, and of the 5 great relations of life and of the 4 seas; consequently, 5×5×4=100'. It is to be observed, that in the Shooking, we find 'a hundred surnames', interchanged with 万姓, 'ten thousand surnames', and it would seem needless, therefore, to seek to attach a definite explanation to the number. 尧舜其犹病诸—, see VI. 28.

"In youth, not humble as befits a junior; in manhood, doing nothing worthy of being handed down; and living on to old age:—this is to be a pest." With this he hit him on the shank with his staff.