Confucius said, "There are three things men find enjoyment in which are advantageous, and three things they find enjoyment in which are injurious. To find enjoyment in the discriminating study of ceremonies and music;

3. ILLUSTRATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE LAST CHAPTER. In the year B.C.608, at the death of duke Wa?n, his rightful heir was killed, and the son of a concubine raised to the dukedom. He is in the annuals as duke Seuen (宣), and after him came Shing, Seang, Ch'aou, and Ting, in whose time this must have been spoken. These dukes were but shadows, pensionaries of their great officers, so that it might be said the revenue had gone from them. Obs. that here and in the prec. ch., 世 is used for 'a reign'. 'The three Hwan' are the three families, as being all descended from duke Hwan; see on II. 5. 故夫,—'therefore', uttered with a sigh.—Choo He appears to have fallen into a mistake in enumerating the four heads of the Ke family who had administered the government of Loo as Woo, Taou, P'ing, and Hwan, as Taou(悼) died before his father, and would not be said therefore to have the government in his hands. The right enumeration is Wa?n(文), Woo(武), P'ing(平), and Hwan(桓). See 摭余说, III. XXVI.

4. THREE FRIENDSHIPS ADVANTAGEOUS, AND THREE INJURIOUS. In the 备旨 it is said—三友下各友字俱作交字看, 是我去友人, 'after 三友, the character 友 is always verbal and=交, 'to have intercourse with'. It is as well to translate the term by 'friendship' throughout. 谅 is here 'sincere', without the subtractions required in XIV. 18, 3, XV. 36. 便,—here=习熟, 'practised'. 善, 柔,—善柔之工, 善 is skillfulness in being bland. 辟, as in XI. 17, 3.

to find enjoyment in speaking of the goodness of others; to find enjoyment in having many worthy friends:—these are advantageous. To find enjoyment in extravagant pleasures; to find enjoyment in idleness and sauntering; to find enjoyment in the pleasures of feasting:—these are injurious."