1. The Master said, "Of those who were with me in Ch'in and Ts'ae, there are none to be found to enter my door."

2. Distinguished for their virtuous principles and practice, there were Yen Yuen, Min Tsze-k'een, Yen Pih-new, and Chung-kung; for their ability in speech, Tsae Go and Tsze-kung; for their administrative

HEADING OF THIS BOOK.—先进第十一, 'The former men—No. XI.' With his Book there commences the second part of the Analects, commonly called the Hea Lun (下论). There is, however, no classical authority for this division. It contains 25 chapters, treating mostly of various disciples of the Master, and deciding the point of their worthiness. Min Tsze-K'een appears in it four times, and on this account some attribute the compilation of it to his disciples. There are indications in the style of a peculiar hand.

1. CONFUCIUS' PREFERENCE OF THE SIMPLER WAYS OF FORMER TIMES. 1. 先进, 后进, are said by Choo He to=先辈, 后辈. Literally, the expressions are,—'those who first advanced', 'those who afterwards advanced', i.e., on the stage of the world. In Ho An, the chap. is said to speak of the disciples who had first advanced to office, and those who had advanced subsequently,—评其弟子之中仕进先后之辈. But the 2d par. is decidedly against this interpretation. 进is not to be joined to the succeeding 于礼乐, but 于=quoad. It is supposed that the characterizing the 先进 as rustics, and their successors as keun-tsze, was a style of his times, which Conf. quotes ironically. We have in it a new instance of the various application of the name keun-tsze. In the 备旨, it is said, 'Of the words and actions of men in their mutual intercourse and in the business of government, whatever indicates respect is here included in ceremonies, and whatever is expressive of harmony is here included in music.'

talents, Yen Yew and Ke Loo; for their literary acquirements, Tsze-yew and Tsze-hea.