The Master said, "To tell, as we go along, what we have heard on the way, is to cast away our virtue."

11. IT IS NOT THE EXTERNAL APPURTENANCES WHICH CONSTITUTE PROPRIETY, NOR THE SOUND OF INSTRUMENTS WHICH CONSTITUTES MUSIC. 礼云=所称为礼者, 'as to what is called propriety'. The words approach the quotation of a common saying. So 乐云. Having thus given the common views of propriety and music, he refutes them in the questions that follow, 乐 and 礼being present to the mind as the expressions of respect and harmony.

12. THE MEANNESS OF PRESUMPTION AND PUSILLANIMITY CONJOINED. 色is here not the countenance merely, but the whole outward appearance. 小人 is explained by 细民, and the latter clause shows emphatically o whom, among the low, mean, people, the individual spoken of is like,—a thief, namely, who is in constant fear of being detected.

13. CONTENTMENT WITH VULGAR WAYS AND VIEWS INJURIOUS TO VIRTUE. See the sentiment of this chapter explained and expanded by Mencius, VII. Pt. II. xxxvii. 7, 8. 原, low. 3d tone, the same as 愿. See the dict., char. 愿. 贼, as in XIV. 40, though it may be translated here, as generally, by the term 'thief'.

14. SWIFTNESS TO SPEAK INCOMPATIBLE WITH THE CULTIVATION OF VIRTUE. It is to be understood that what has been heard contains some good lesson. At once to be talking of it without revolving it, and striving to practise it, shows an indifference to our own improvement. 道 is 'the way' or 'road'. 涂 is the same say, a little farther on.—The glossarist on Ho An's work explains 德之弃 as meaning—'is what the virtuous do not do'. But this is evidently incorrect.